Celebrating Africa’s architecture: visiting a granary in Botswana

Celebrating Africa’s architecture: visiting a granary in Botswana

 

This granary is around 70 years old. It was built on stone supports with wood palisades that rest on the stones. The walls which are made of mud are divided into compartments for storing different types of grains. Wood palisades are also used for the “ceiling” which is flat. The top of the ceiling “thongoma” – literally translating to “fontanel”, is also used for storage and a conical grass thatch covers the whole structure.. Photograph taken by Dr Malebogo Mvimi at Tutume, Botswana (2022).

 

A granary or letlole in Setswana and translated to ‘basket of wealth’ is a large rectangular superstructure usually about 2 metres by 3 metres in diameter, storing grains with a capacity of 1.5-2.5 tonnes. The walls of the structures are constructed using mud/soil mixed with fresh cow dung, and equipped with air vents for excellent protection against dampness, insects and rodents. Fresh cow dung is used as a natural stabiliser to prevent rain water from washing off the wall. The roofing is made of thatch grass (motshikhire), which is waterproof. The structure stands on a heavy pole frame of a tree species not vulnerable to termite attacks. The heavy pole frame rests on a few large stone pillars. The grain granary is usually divided into four to nine cells of different sizes. The smaller cells are used to store beans and groundnuts and larger cells for staple grains such as millet, sorghum, and maize. 

In 2022, Dr Malebogo Mvimi recorded a granary at Tutume Village in the Central District of Botswana. Below  Mvimi  vividly describes how such structures were used.

To reach the grains one steps on a stool and scoops them through the “window” but when the grain levels are low a person, usually a child, goes in through the “window”, scoops the grains, and passes them to the person on the stool. The bottom space between the stone supports and the floor remains empty. The space is called “tjela” and it can be used for storing melons and some farm implements. Well, chickens and dogs love this space too because it is cool (temperature).

Mvimi pers. comm. 2022

Grenier au village de Tutume, Botswana

 

Appelé letlole en Setswana, ce grenier a environ 70 ans ! Il a été construit sur des supports en pierre avec des palissades en bois qui reposent sur les pierres. Les murs qui sont faits de boue sont divisés en compartiments pour stocker différents types de grains. Des palissades en bois sont également utilisées pour le “plafond” qui est plat. Le haut du plafond “thongoma” se traduisant littéralement par “fontanelle”, est également utilisé pour le stockage et un chaume conique recouvre toute la structure.

Pour atteindre les grains, on marche sur un tabouret et on passe à travers la “fenêtre”, mais lorsque les niveaux de grains sont bas, une personne, généralement un enfant, entre par la “fenêtre” et ramasse les grains et les passe à la personne sur le tabouret. L’espace inférieur entre les supports en pierre et le sol reste vide. L’espace s’appelle “tjela” et peut être utilisé pour stocker des melons et certains outils agricoles. Eh bien, les poulets et les chiens aiment aussi cet espace parce qu’il fait frais (température).

Mvimi pers. comm. 2022

Post by Thabo Kgosietsile